My Italian: Chapter 359 One thousand eight hundred and ninety-five years summary

My Italian https://

1895 was a fruitful year for Italy. Either way, it's a gain.

First of all, in terms of influence, Italy taught Japan a lesson by expeditionary forces in the Far East, so that countries can see Italy's ability to intervene at a distance. Of course, Italy's side of money is also exposed.

However, whether this is a good thing or a bad thing is still unknown, but at least in the eyes of various countries, Italy is no longer a dispensable role, and countries will somewhat consider Italy's attitude.

Of course, the expansion of influence is an additional gain for Italy, and the most important thing is the economic gain.

Although Italy had little direct monetary gain from this Far Eastern war, the indirect gain was very large. (During the entire Sino-Japanese War, the total casualties of the Italian naval and land forces were 4,217, of which 1,721 were killed, 2,470 were injured, and 26 were missing. The casualties seem not small, but they were mainly in naval battles.)

Among them, the most profitable is the military industry. In just over half a year, the overtime production of the arsenal was not enough for the needs of the Far East, and a batch was urgently transferred from the reserve warehouses of the navy and the army.

And in addition to the military industry, war-related industries such as maritime transportation and steel have all benefited from this dividend. And it is precisely with the help of this war dividend that all related industries have been fully developed.

The dividends brought by this war alone are not enough. The key is that Italy wins the road construction rights of the Qing Dynasty railway. However, Italy could not take advantage of this interest, but in the crucial procurement of materials, Italy used its relationship with the Qing Dynasty and occupied a sufficient share to ensure the procurement rights of the railway.

At present, the Daqing Railway Company has opened three railways in one go, namely the Luhan Line, the Yuehan Line, and the construction of the Nanjing-Shanghai-Hangzhou Ring Railway. In addition, the railway company is said to be exploring the direction of the Jinpu Line and the Longhai Line.

Daqing Railway Company's urgent and continuous start of construction is actually driven by shareholders from all over the world. The powers of various countries have a strong interest in promoting the construction of railways in the Qing Dynasty, especially after private acquisitions made most of the shares of the Daqing Railway Company fall into the hands of various countries.

And I heard that in addition to the two railways under exploration, countries are also interested in the Kanto Railway from Tianjin to Shengjing. Especially in Russia, they also want to extend a branch railway from the Trans-Siberian Railway to connect to Shengjing and Lushun and have a strong interest. This is just the idea of ​​the Russians. The British dragged Italy to resist. Who still knows what the polar bear is thinking.

In addition to the Kanto Railway, which has caused constant contradictions among countries, France is currently very interested in the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, and the British are also interested in the Sichuan-Hanzhou Railway. Of course, railway lines such as the Sichuan-Shaanxi Line, the Sichuan-Yunnan Line and the Chang-Ganning Line are also in the plans of various countries.

It is ridiculous to say that countries are more anxious to build railways than the Qing Dynasty, but this is also based on the fact that railways can help them expand their influence and penetrate into all parts of the inland. Therefore, all countries came with different thoughts, but the Qing Dynasty could not do anything even if they knew about it, and the combined pressure of various countries could not be resisted.

Of course, Italy was the happiest when it came to the railway construction in the Qing Dynasty. After all, except for the Hanyang Iron Works, the rails and steel needed for the railway were owned by Italy. This is at least the demand for 100,000 tons of steel per year, and it has nothing to say about the promotion of the Italian steel industry.

In 1895, Italy's fiscal revenue also reached a record 1.827 billion lire, facilitated by such favorable circumstances.

Yes, it is such a high total fiscal revenue. Compared with the total government revenue in 1893 two years ago, it is 317 million liras higher.

From this figure, we can see how much this Far East war has stimulated the Italian economy.

In this fiscal revenue table, the number one is tariffs. In 1895, Italy achieved a total of 374 million lire tariffs. The increase in tariffs is due on the one hand to the strong growth of Italy's imports and exports, and on the other hand, from the severe crackdown on smuggling and tax evasion.

The crackdown on smuggling also benefits from the government's emphasis on customs, which has allocated a lot of manpower and ships to the customs. The customs also lived up to expectations. Last year, they intercepted 146 smuggling vessels, arrested 1,123 suspects, and seized illegal goods worth 32.69 million lire, which severely dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of smugglers. (Of course, to a certain extent, how frequent smuggling activities in Italy are, of course, this has a lot to do with the terrain of Italy. There are too many coastlines in the country, which is very conducive to smuggling activities.)

In addition to tariffs, the second largest revenue category is salt and tobacco monopoly taxes.

Yes, it is the monopoly tax as everyone understands. This industry monopolized by the state provides the government with a fiscal revenue of 326 million liras, which is on a par with the tobacco and salt monopoly tax of a later country, which is directly called military expenditure.

Of course, in addition to these two categories of taxes, the next step is the consumption tax. This kind of tax is directly placed in the commodity in a certain country in the future, so the feeling is not obvious, but if you go abroad, you will find that it is listed separately. The excise tax provided 215 million lire to the Italian finances.

Then there are property taxes, business taxes, land-related taxes, and stamp duties on securities transactions, etc. These taxes support Italy’s finances and allow Italy to have more funds to enrich its national strength.

When it comes to national strength, the most direct one is the steel industry. In 1895, the Italian steel industry produced a total of 2.7 million tons of steel. What makes it possible for Italy to produce so much steel is domestic demand on the one hand and tariffs on the other. Italy has raised tariffs on foreign imports of coal, iron ore and steel products by 21% without tax. Although this has caused dissatisfaction between Germany and France, in order to protect the domestic steel industry, Italy has withstood the pressure. Although Germany and France subsequently raised tariffs on Italian wine, figs and other agricultural products~www.mtlnovel.com~, it is worthwhile to protect the domestic steel industry.

After the tariff was raised, coal and iron mines from Libya and Kosovo immediately became attractive, making mining and railway transportation in both places extremely busy.

Of course, it is not only the steel industry that reflects the national strength of Italy, but also the textile industry in Italy, which is a representative of the light industry, is also developing very well. At present, there are nearly 300,000 textile workers in Italy, which are owned by Italy, producing 148,000 tons of cotton yarn and 42,110 tons of wool fabrics.

The textile industry, which is the representative of light industry, is booming in Italy, and of course, agriculture, which is the foundation of Italy, has also developed by leaps and bounds. Taking pesticides and chemical fertilizers as an example to promote agricultural development, the current annual output of phosphate fertilizers in Italy is 21,000 tons, potash fertilizers 17,200 tons, and pesticides 1,571 tons.

Although this may not seem like a lot, in this era when fertilizers have not been used on a large scale, the ability to produce so many fertilizers is the result of Italy's vigorous promotion. In the focus of its own agriculture, Italy is very serious about any fertilizer that increases crop yields.

Although Italy due to various reasons, its shortage of resources and the overpopulation of domestic arable land and other factors. But the Italian government is also working hard to change all of this, with nearly 100,000 Italians immigrating to the colonies every year in an effort to ease the pressure on the native population. In addition, Italy's current efforts to find various resources in various colonies have continued. For example, in the Somali region of East Africa, Italy has discovered a good copper mine. And around the development of this copper mine, the East African colonial government also raised funds.

Overall, 1895 was a very memorable year for Italy.

If you like my Idaily, please collect it: () My Idaily updates the fastest.